Acids and Bases - LP
ACIDS AND BASES
I.
Objectives:
Given varied
activities, the students with 80% proficiency will be able to:
a.
Explain the difference(s) between acids
and bases
b.
Conduct an experiment to find out if a
given sample is acidic or basic using an indicator.
c.
Give the importance acids and bases play
in our modern society.
II.
Subject Matter
Topic: Acids and
Bases
Concept:
Values
Integrated:
Cooperation, perseverance,
self-confidence
Skills Developed:
Critical thinking,
metacognition, observation, manipulation
Materials:
projector,
laptop, pictures, laboratory sheet
III.
Procedure:
a.
Review
The teacher will conduct a review of the
previous topic by asking the following questions;
1.
What is matter?
2.
What are the states of matter?
3.
What are the differences between
substance and mixture?
b.
Motivation
1.
The teacher will perform a simple
demonstration entitled “Puffy Loon”.
The
demonstration is all about inflating a balloon with the use of vinegar and
baking soda.
2.
Before starting the demonstration, the
teacher will ask the students this question;
a.
How can we inflate this balloon without
manually blowing air into it?
3.
The teacher will then proceed with the
demonstration. The following questions will be asked;
a.
What have you observed from that
demonstration?
b.
What made the balloon to inflate?
c.
What are the two substances used in the
demonstration?
c.
Presentation of the Topic
1.
The teacher will present the topic
“Acids and Bases”.
2.
The students will be asked with the
following questions:
a.
What is an acid?
b.
What is a base?
c.
How do we know whether a substance is an
acid or base?
d.
Lesson Proper
2.
The students will conduct an experiment
entitled Red Corner, Blue Corner. The
objective of the activity is to let the students identify which substance is an
acid or base through the litmus paper test.
3.
The teacher will then process the
activity by asking the following questions;
a.
What substances turned the blue litmus
paper into red? What common characteristics do they possess?
b.
What about the substances that turned
the red litmus paper into blue? What common characteristics do they possess?
4.
The teacher will proceed with the lesson
inputs of the topic.
I.
ACIDS
a.
What is an acid?
Ø An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from
the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
Ø The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution
b.
Properties of an Acid
Ø Tastes Sour
Ø Conduct Electricity
Ø Corrosive, this means they break down certain substances.
Many acids can corrode fabric, skin and paper
Ø Some acids react strongly with metals
Ø Turns blue litmus paper red
c.
Uses/Examples of Acids
Ø Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Ø Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour
candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
Ø Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
Ø Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel,
paints, and plastics.
Ø Car batteries
II.
BASES
a.
What is a base?
Ø A base is a solution/substance that has an excess of OH- ions.
Ø Another word for base is alkali.
Ø Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions/
b.
Properties of a Base
Ø Feel Slippery
Ø Taste Bitter
Ø Corrosive
Ø Turns red litmus paper blue
c.
Uses/Examples of Bases
Ø Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some
of their useful properties.
Ø The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as
dirt and grease.
Ø Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that
contain bases.
Ø Your blood is a basic solution.
III.
The pH
Scale
Ø pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
Ø The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Ø Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
Ø A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
Ø A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Ø Pure water has a pH of 7.
Ø
Basic solutions have pH
values above 7.
e.
Enrichment/Follow-Up Activity
1.
With the same groupings, the
students will be given different pictures of daily household
items. Each group will be given different set of pictures.
2.
The students will classify the
pictures into Acidic or Basic by pasting the pictures in a manila paper.
3.
The students will then present
their work and also discuss the use of every item in daily life.
f.
Generalization/Summary
1.
To summarize the lesson, the
teacher will ask the students these question;
a.
What are the differences between
acids and bases?
b.
How can we determine whether a
substance is an acid or a base?
c.
What is the importance of acids
and bases in our daily life?
IV. Evaluation/Assessment
Directions: This is a matching type
test. Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before the
number.
Column
A Column B
_____ 1.
Acid
a. substance that has an excess of OH- ions.
_____ 2.
Base
b. a measure of how
acidic or basic a
solution is.
_____ 3. pH
Scale
c. substance that has an excess of H+ ions.
_____ 4.
Indicator
d. substance that has an
excess of He+ ions.
_____ 5.
Neutralization
e. an acid and a base react to form water
and a salt
f.
substances whose solutions change color due
V, Assignment
1.
Research about acid rain and
answer these following questions;
a.
What is acid rain?
b.
What causes acid rain to develop?
c.
What are the harmful effects of
acid rain to the environment?
d.
How can we prevent acid rain?
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